Senin, 29 Oktober 2012



Definition of Analytical Exposition
Exposition is a text that elaborates the writer‘s idea about the phenomenon surrounding. Its social function is to persuade the reader that the idea is important matter.

Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition
1. Thesis (introduction): Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s position
2. Arguments (body): Explaining the arguments to support the writer’s position
3. Reiteration (conclusion): Restating the writer’s position

Language Features of Analytical Exposition
Using relational process - Relationships between and among leaders, workers,                                                             followers, partners, co-workers, etc.  People knowing and caring about people.

Using External conjunctions –enhancing by linking to real world events                                                                  (Holocaust, the Final Solution, death trains)

Using internal conjunction –   elaborating and itemising steps in an argument                                                          (firstly… secondly .. next… finally)

Using causal conjunction –     the cause of an event…. Because

Using Contrastive conjunction – but… nevertheless

Using Simple Present Tense    (Bruno is a quiet boy)
                                               
– NOT PAST TENSE (Bruno was a quiet boy)


Example ONE
Basic Essay
The Unhealthy Fast Food
Fast food nowadays is considered a normal eating venture. People are not just eating out on special occasions or weekends anymore. It means that all the time they mostly eat fast foods. However is fast food good for health?

Fast food has its popularity in the 1940’s. Within a few years, fast-food operations popped up everywhere. With the compelling rise in fast-food restaurants since the 1940’s, oddly it started the rise in obesity and cancer during that same time period.

Fast food is highly processed with a wide array of additives. To ensure fast food’s low cost, the fast food products are made with highly-processed ingredients to give it shelf-life, to hold consistency, and to enhance flavor. Fast food is altered from its original healthy form.

It is not the calories in fast food which damage health and waistline. It is the chemical additives such as aspartame and MSG (monosodium glutamate). Studies show that the chemical additives lead to weight and disease issues.

So, there is absolutely nothing nutritional about fast food. Fast food simply feeds hunger and craving.



Example TWO

2. Thorough Essay
                                    Extract: The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas
..The representations constructed by the author influence the reader to accept certain ways of thinking and seeing through the eyes of a child. In the book, ‘The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas’, the author John Boyne has constructed diverse multiple representations of youth in society during the holocaust. John’s construction of the characters Bruno, Gretal and Shmuel show the different cultural assumptions, attitudes, values, beliefs and innocence, which underpin youth and their peers. John Boyne challenges aspects of youth discourses through the characters and relationship of Bruno and Shmuel. The reader is therefore positioned to become aware of the conflict between the different cultures and the youth discovering individual identities and the pressures to conform to societal expectations. In the text, Bruno, the main character, was constructed by John as initially being oblivious and naïve to the Final Solution. Throughout the novel Bruno is emerging into a young boy and trying to discover his role in society and the horror of the world surrounding him. As a part of his personal growth and discovering what is beyond his own life, he becomes involved with a Jewish …..

How to write an Analytical Exposition

The purpose of an analytical essay is to propose and support an argument. By analyzing the material on which the essay is based, the essay writer should develop a position regarding the accuracy of the original information. The introduction is one of the most important parts of an analytical essay. This is because it is in the introduction that the reader will receive his first impression of the essayist's position
 Regardless of what the essay is about, most analytical or expository essays conform to a specific structure; they all have an introduction, a main body and a conclusion.

Before Writing

Step 1
Select your topics to provide evidence for your thesis. Try to pick something manageable, that will fit within the space specifications of your essay.

Step 2
Organize your ideas. You can do this in several different ways. For instance, some people will simply make a list of their ideas and select the ones they want. Other people who think more visually might make a tree of their ideas, beginning with the central topic and drawing "branches" to represent other ideas working from the central topic. Some people might engage in free-writing, simply putting their ideas on paper with no worries for structure, simply to see where their ideas go.

Step 3
Write a thesis statement. This is the single most important section of your essay. The thesis statement is essentially a sentence that explains what your central argument or idea is. You will use this idea to develop everything else in your essay. While thesis statements are usually only one sentence long, they can be longer if necessary, but the more direct your thesis, the better.

Step 4
With your thesis statement in mind, pick three or four ideas from your previous work in Step 2 that you feel support this statement.

Step 5
Write a topic sentence for each one of these ideas. These will be the topic sentences for each paragraph of your essay's main body.

Step 6
Plot the body of your essay. This is where the introduction--main body--conclusion structure comes into play. Take each of the topic sentences you wrote for the main body, and decide the order in which you wish to present them.


Writing

Step 1
Write your introduction. The introduction must include your thesis statement as well as a summary of your topic sentences for each paragraph in the main body. You also want to capture the reader's interest, making certain that he or she will read your essay all the way through.
Tips
·         Understand the source material thoroughly. Every analytical essay is essentially a commentary on someone else's work. This means that an effective analytical essay writer is someone who is able to read and understand the source material exceptionally well.
·         Grab the reader's attention. By including a quotation or controversial statement in the first few lines of the introduction you generate interest in your essay. This increases the likelihood that your essay will leave an impression and actually influence the reader's opinion.
·         Summarize the source material. This summarization is sometimes referred to as an abstract and should be included in the introduction. The summary should inform the reader of the title and author of the source document as well as provide a brief overview of the source document's main points. By including this abstract in the introduction, the reader will have a better idea of the context in which your argument arose.
·         Finish with a thesis statement. A thesis statement is a concise sentence that outlines precisely what the main argument of your essay is. The thesis statement is going to be the main idea or position that the remainder of your essay is going to support. It is important that this position be an opinion rather than a fact, since it must be something that can be argued both for and against.


Step 2
Write a paragraph for each of the topic sentences. Expand upon how this topic sentence supports your thesis, and provide any information you wish in support.

Step 3
Write a concluding paragraph for your essay. The conclusion must restate the thesis, restate each of your arguments in support of the thesis, and generally bring the essay to an effective close. Make sure to word all of these differently than you did at the beginning and in the body. Also, make sure to never introduce any new material in the conclusion.



Intro and Conclusion hints

Construct the Introduction using the key facts. For instance, if your subject is "Chocolate," your introduction can be "Chocolate is a sugary concoction made out of the cocoa bean." Write out all of the facts in the same manner.

The "thesis" is very important, it is the last sentence in the Introduction, which will tell the readers what the essay will be about.

Build the thesis statement using three reasons to back up and support it. Your thesis should look something like this: "Chocolate is over-rated because it is too rich, too fattening, and not tasty."

The conclusion paragraph is much like a conclusion sentence; it ends your exposition by summing up the points you made earlier.

Restate the importance of the topic you covered. For example, "Chocolate is enjoyed by many people the world over." Then restate the reasons you like or dislike chocolate. Then, in your final sentence, you will want to write a sentence that looks toward the future, such as, "In the future, I wish to never see chocolate again," or something to that effect.



-  Warning is admonition notice, or pointing out on  existing or potential danger, specially to one who would otherwise would not be aware of it.

EXPRESSIONS OF WARNING 
•Look out! There is a snake beside you.
•Don’t step on the grass!.
•No smoking!
•No hunting!
•Be Silent
•No camping without permission!
•Do not cut down the trees!
•Keep out of the reach of children!

DIALOGUE EXPRESSING OF WARNING
Wina                : “Mom, let me go out for a while, please?”
Mother             : “Where are you going to, Win?”
Wina               :   “I’d like to visit Ririn. She got accident this morning. She is in the hospital now.”
Mother            :   “Thank you, Mom.”


   -  Giving  Advice is  to give (someone) a recommendation about what should be done .

EXPRESSIONS OF ASKING FOR  ADVICE
•What should…………………………….. ?
•What do you think should………… ?
•What do you advise?
•Could you give me some advice for ….?
•What you would advice?
•What would you do if……….?
•Do you think I should …..?

EXPRESSIONS OF GIVING ADVICE 
•You should/ought to……….
•I think you should/ought to………
•You ought to………………
•I advise you to
•If I were you, I would……..
•I would recommend that you ……
•You’d better tell …………..
•You must to……………….

DIALOGUE OF EXPRESSING ADVICE
Resti    : Good morning, Nanda
Nanda  : Good morning, Resti. (Looks confused)
Resti    : How are you, Nanda
Nanda   : I’m confused now.
Resti    :  Why?
Nanda  :  My girlfriend my girlfriend forbade me to follow the singing competition. If you
               were me, what would you tell her?
Resti   :   I would say that the competition is very important to you, and instead,
              the prize of the competition would you give to her
Nanda :   That’s a good idea. I will do it. Thank you very much, Resti. Now I want
               to go to canteen. See you.
Resti  :    You’re welcome. See you too. 


In English, the gerund is identical in form to the present participle (ending in -ing) and can behave as a verb within a clause (so that it may be modified by an adverb or have an object), but the clause as a whole (sometimes consisting of only one word, the gerund itself) acts as a noun within the larger sentence.

1. Used as subjects
  • ·          Skiing is my favorite sport.
  • ·          Hiking can be very strenuous.

2. Used as objects
  •       Thanks for tending my children.
  • ·     The job consists of typing, filing, and answering the phone.

3. After Preposition
  • I am against smoking in public places.
  • She is good at speaking English.
  • I went home after leaving the party.
  • You can improve your English by using the Internet.
  • We need to keep on going.
  • You should tell the truth instead of lying all the time.
  • We can talk about going home.
  • I'm tired of hearing excuses.
  • You can't learn English without making mistakes.

*These verbs are commonly followed by gerunds.
admit
begin
discuss
hate
love
practice
regret
stop
advise
can't help
dislike
hesitate
mention
prefer
remember
suggest
anticipate
complete
enjoy
imagine
mind
quit
resent
threaten
appreciate
consider
finish
intend
miss
recall
resist
tolerate
attempt
delay
forget
keep
neglect
recollect
risk
try
avoid
deny
go
like
postpone
recommend
start
understand
Honey, Can you do me a favour? | Sure, I will, honey! Bring me a notebook, please!
here it is thanks, hun! could you please pass me a pen?
OK Thanks! Gimme my suitcase
Thanks a lot Could you pass me my shoes
 Pixton


In the story above, the girl says “Sure, I will.” It means that she is going to do what the boy asks. 

Here are the other expressions of granting request. 

  • Ok. 
  • Certainly. 
  • Alright. 
  • Of course. 
  • Right away. 


Now, you can practice to express granting request with your partner. Look at the comic strips and act it. Subtitute with different expression!

Expression


Mery  : Hey what are you doing here?
Brad   : I'm waiting for the bus mer, but it doesn't come yet
Mery  : By the way, where do you want to go ?
Brad   : I have to go to school now
Mery  : I see. Do you have to come soon there?
Brad   : Well, can you give me a ride?
Mery  : Of course, man. Come on.
Brad  : Thank you
Mery  : Yeay never mind. I just can go anywhere now.
Brad   : Ok then. Let's go, mer!


Relief
When we have problem, then we can solve it, we will feel relief. In other situation, when we feel worried about something that we will face, and then we can face it, we will also feel relief. A relief is lessening or ending of pain and worry.

·         Expressing relief
·    Thank goodnees!
·    Thank heavens!
·    What a relief!
·    I’m glad about…!
·    It’s great relief!
·    Whew!

Example:
Anne: Grey! Don’t you know that our final exam mark has been announced?
Grey: What? Are you sure that it has been announced?
Anne: Of course. What happens?
Grey: It is because I did not do the test well and I am afraid that I will get D for this subject. Our   teacher has told me, if I don’t pass this exam I will be kicked from this school.
Anne: Don’t make a joke, Grey! I think no one will kick you out from this school.
Grey: How can you know?
Anne: Because you get C!
Grey: Whew! Thank God! Thanks Anne!
Anne: You’re welcome, Grey!

Pain
When we get sick, we must feel pain on our part of our body. W.hen we get an accident, and we get injured because of it, we must feel pain.

·         Expressing pain
·    Ouch. It hurts!
·    Ugh, it’s very painful!
·    Ouch!
·    Oh, it’s killing me!

Example:
Lorence: Hei! Watch out!
Raisha: Ouch!
Lorence: Are you OK?
Raisha: Ugh, it hurts!
Lorence: I had warned you! Why don’t you watch around before cross the road?
Raisha: I don’t bring my glasses. I am sorry.
Lorence: Ok. Let’s have medicine.

Pleasure
 a feeling of happinessenjoymentor satisfaction

·         Expressing pleasure
·    Great!
·    Terrific!
·    I’m pleased.
·    I enjoyed it.
·    I love it.
·    It was terrific.
·    I’m delighted.
Example:
Tommy: Barnney, how is your new job? Do you like it?
Barnney: No, it doesn’t seem like what I imagine before. How about yours?
Tommy: I’m delighted! My boss is very kind person. He gives me a lot of work to do but he always appreciates my work eventhough it is bad.
Barnney: What a lucky man you are! Congrats boy!


An adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun.  It is possible to combine the following two sentences to form one sentence containing an adjective clause:              
    The children are going to visit the museum.
    They are on the bus.

The children who are on the bus are going to visit the museum.
                  | adjective clause |
In the sentence above, there are two other ways to write the sentence correctly using the second sentence as the adjective clause. 
The children that are on the bus are going to visit the museum.
The children       on the bus       are going to visit the museum.
Some other sentences can be combined into a sentence using adjective clauses in a variety of ways, and they are all correct.  Note the variety of ways in which the following two sentences can be combined.

The church is old.
My grandparents were married there.

The church where my grandparents were married is old.
The church in which my grandparents were married is old.
The church which my grandparents were married in is old.
The church that my grandparents were married in is old.
The church my grandparents were married in is old

In the sentences above, the adjective clauses are underlined.  All answers are correct.  Note the use of the word "in" and how and where it is used.

An adjective clause with a subject pronoun - such as which, that or who - can also be shortened into a phrase.
You can shorten an adjective clause in two ways:
1.      Omit the subject pronoun and verb.
2.      Omit the subject pronoun and change the verb to the form ending in "ing."
Here are some examples of how to create an adjective phrase:
·         Adjective Clause: The books, which are lost, are not really necessary.
·         Adjective Phrase: The books lost are not really necessary.

·         Adjective Clause: The girl who is running is my best friend.
·         Adjective Phrase: The girl running is my best friend.

·         Adjective Clause: His share of the money, which consists of $100,000, was given to him on Monday.
·         Adjective Phrase: His share of the money, consisting of $100,000, was given to him on Monday.

·         Adjective Clause: Something that smells bad may be rotten.
·         Adjective Phrase: Something smelling bad may be rotten.

Remember, the goal of an adjective clause is to add more information to a noun or a pronoun. You can add the information by including a few more words or by changing the adjective clause to a phrase.
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